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Delivery, ownership and evidence

Africa Progress

What was built? Who paid? What is operating? Explore a first collection from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Morocco and Nigeria, with original sources and the gaps visible.

Eight case studies · source review 13 October 2026 · a growing collection, not a ranking of countries or leaders

8 project records

Compare equivalent units, periods, phases and funding. Capacity is a design limit; throughput measures activity. An inauguration is a milestone; ongoing production needs separate evidence. Currency, inflation and scope differences prevent a fair simple cost ranking.

Burkina Faso · Industrial processingInaugurated

RAFFINOR-BF gold refinery

28 September 2026

Ownership / delivery
State investment through SONASP with private partners; percentages not established.
Cost and scope
FCFA 11 billion — ministry-reported investment, 29 September 2026; not audited final expenditure.
Capacity / infrastructure
164 tonnes/year theoretical phase-one capacity. A proposed 515-tonne phase two is not delivered output.
Reported activity
Ministry reports first bars at the inauguration. Sustained annual throughput not established.

Comparison limits

Gold processing and petroleum refining have different commodities and scope. This ceremony does not establish changes in national living standards.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Ghana · PortsOperating

Tema Terminal 3

Phases one and two commissioned 13 November 2025

Ownership / delivery
MPS concession; GPHA 30% equity, reported in the 2024 finance ministry PPP report.
Cost and scope
US$1.5 billion estimated project cost — 2024 PPP report.
Capacity / infrastructure
3 million TEU/year — reported capacity, not throughput.
Reported activity
2024 import-truck turnaround: 90 minutes against a 60-minute target. Export trucks: 40 minutes against a 90-minute target.

Comparison limits

A public-private concession with different phases. Cost is estimated; scanner breakdowns contributed to the missed import target.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Ghana · PortsCommissioned

Takoradi Dry Bulk Terminal

Initial berth handed over 25 July 2022; commissioning reported 8 December 2022

Ownership / delivery
GPHA infrastructure; Amandi Ghana Limited identified as contractor.
Cost and scope
Not established for this terminal in the retrieved primary records.
Capacity / infrastructure
Withheld: published capacity figures conflict.
Reported activity
Actual annual throughput not established.

Comparison limits

Other port investments and the floating dry dock have different scopes. Their budgets cannot be assigned to this terminal.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Morocco · PortsOperating

Tanger Med port complex

Container activity began in 2007; subsequent expansions

Ownership / delivery
TMPA, a subsidiary of Tanger Med Special Agency; distinct terminal operators.
Cost and scope
Comparable whole-complex cost not established.
Capacity / infrastructure
An older agency page gives 9 million nominal TEU/year. Later extensions mean this is not a current utilization denominator.
Reported activity
11,106,164 TEU handled in calendar 2025, according to TMPA.

Comparison limits

Whole-complex calendar-year TEU differs from first-year container counts. Transshipment location and accumulated expansions affect comparisons.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Morocco · RailOperating

Al Boraq high-speed service

Inaugurated 15 November 2018

Ownership / delivery
ONCF, national rail operator.
Cost and scope
Held pending direct verification of the original cost document.
Capacity / infrastructure
Intercity Tangier–Casablanca service; 320 km/h commercial speed reported in 2018.
Reported activity
5.6 million passengers during 2025 — ONCF statement, 9 April 2026.

Comparison limits

Intercity high-speed rail differs from an urban metro. One-year passengers cannot be ranked against three-year cumulative patronage.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Nigeria · PortsOperating

Lekki Deep Sea Port

Inaugurated 23 January 2023; commercial operation began April 2023

Ownership / delivery
ICRC statement, January 2023: federal 5%, Lagos 20%, private holding 75%. CMA Terminals operates the container terminal.
Cost and scope
ICRC describes US$1.5bn assets and US$800m construction across phases. These overlapping scopes are not added.
Capacity / infrastructure
Phase-specific installed and ultimate capacities need reconciliation.
Reported activity
Promoter reports 75 vessels and over 100,000 containers in its first operating year, April 2024. Containers are not automatically TEU.

Comparison limits

First-year containers are not comparable to Tanger Med annual TEU. Promoter figures are attributed rather than independently audited.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Nigeria · RailOperating

Lagos Blue Line, phase one

Passenger service began 4 September 2023

Ownership / delivery
Lagos State project, supervised and reported by LAMATA.
Cost and scope
Completed-phase final cost not established in the retrieved sources.
Capacity / infrastructure
13 km Marina–Mile 2. Mile 2–Okokomaiko phase two remains unfinished, with a 2027 target.
Reported activity
LAMATA reports more than 9 million cumulative passenger journeys and over 70,000 trips across three years, September 2026.

Comparison limits

Operator-reported cumulative patronage is not a one-year audited count. Phase two must remain labelled unfinished.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Nigeria · Industrial processingOperating

Dangote Petroleum Refinery

Diesel/aviation fuel production began January 2024

Ownership / delivery
Private-led Dangote project; precise current shareholding not established here.
Cost and scope
Definitive primary final-spend document not located.
Capacity / infrastructure
650,000 bpd original nameplate. Company reports 700,000 bpd performance tests in June 2026. Planned 1.4m bpd expansion is separate.
Reported activity
A dated company-reported test milestone; independently audited annual average throughput not established.

Comparison limits

A Nigerian industrial-processing example, with private investment. Oil and gold refineries cannot be cost-ranked as equivalent projects.

Original records and source media

Photographs/video remain on their original source pages. Reuse licences are not established, so source media is linked rather than copied.

Discuss the evidence →
Nigeria’s debt records →Project tracker →Archive and provenance →
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